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Sexual-size dimorphism modulates the trade-off between exploiting food and wind resources in a large avian scavenger

机译:有性大小的双态性调节了大型禽类清道夫在开发食物和风力资源之间的权衡

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摘要

Animals are expected to synchronize activity routines with the temporal patterns at which resources\udappear in nature. Accordingly, species that depend on resources showing temporally mismatched\udpatterns should be expected to schedule routines that balance the chances of exploiting each of them.\udLarge avian scavengers depend on carcasses which are more likely available early in the morning,\udbut they also depend on wind resources (i.e. uplifts) to subside flight which are stronger in afternoon\udhours. To understand how these birds deal with this potential trade-off, we studied the daily routines\udof GPS-tagged individuals of the world’s largest terrestrial soaring scavenger, the Andean condor\ud(Vultur gryphus). Andean condors vary largely in weight and show a huge sexual dimorphism that\udallowed us to evaluate the effect of sex and body size on their daily routines. We found that condors\uduse an intermediate solution strategy between the best times to exploit carcasses and uplifts, with this\udstrategy changing over the year. Bigger males scheduled earlier routines that aligned more closely with\uduplift availability compared to smaller females, resulting in a partial temporal segregation between\udsexes. Condors’ routines reflect a sexual-size dependent trade-off that may underpin ecological and\udsociobiological traits of the studied population.
机译:期望动物将活动例程与自然中资源\消失的时间模式同步。因此,依赖于显示时间不匹配\ udpatterns的资源的物种应该计划安排平衡利用它们中的每一个的机会。\ ud大型禽类清道夫取决于尸体,这些尸体很可能在清晨获得,\ ud但是它们也取决于依靠风能(即隆升)来抵消飞行,这在下午/几小时更强。为了了解这些鸟类如何应对这种潜在的权衡,我们研究了带有GPS标签的个体的日常活动,这些人是全球最大的陆上高飞清道夫安第斯秃鹰(Vultur gryphus)。安第斯秃鹰的体重差异很大,并且表现出巨大的性二态性,这使我们无法评估性别和体型对他们日常生活的影响。我们发现,秃鹰会在最佳时机之间使用一种中间解决方案策略来利用cas体和隆起,这一策略在一年中不断变化。与较小的女性相比,较大的男性安排了较早的例程,与较易举起的婴儿更紧密地匹配,导致udsexes之间存在部分时间隔离。秃鹰的例行行为反映出性别大小相关的权衡取舍,可能会成为受研究人群的生态和非社会生物学特征的基础。

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